---
title: Ascertain the means by which a bumblebee is enabled to fly in cool w… — Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, soli… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the means by which a bumblebee is enabled to fly in cool weather. Exam question 4 of lesson 305 «Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and o
---

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# Exam question 4 · Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the means by which a bumblebee is enabled to fly in cool weather.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, the, bumblebee · **What happens:** ascertain, mean, enable, fly · **To what, where:** bumblebee, cool weather · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 305 «Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the means by which a bumblebee is enabled to fly in cool weather.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bumblebee	bumblebee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	enabled	enable	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **enable** | present · passive |  | a bumblebee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **fly** | to-infinitive | a bumblebee *not said here* |  |  | cool weather |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in weather=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It consumes heated nectar stored in wax pots within its nest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees:e4:o1:1
# text = It consumes heated nectar stored in wax pots within its nest
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consumes	consume	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	heated	heat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	nectar	nectar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	stored	store	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	wax	wax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	pots	pot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	within	within	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consume** | present | It | heated nectar |  |  |  | within nectar's nest | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nectar=Asset |
| 2 | **heat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **store** | participle |  | heated nectar *not said here* |  | wax pots |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in pot=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It flies only when the air exceeds thirty degrees

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees:e4:o2:1
# text = It flies only when the air exceeds thirty degrees
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flies	fly	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	exceeds	exceed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **exceed** | present | the air | thirty degrees |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot degree=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It warms its flight muscles by shivering and retains the heat beneath its fur

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees:e4:o3:1
# text = It warms its flight muscles by shivering and retains the heat beneath its fur
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	warms	warm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	shivering	shiver	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	retains	retain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warm** | present | It | its flight muscles |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent muscle=Patient |
| 2 | **shiver** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **retain** | present |  | the heat |  |  |  | beneath heat's fur | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It absorbs heat exclusively from warm flowers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees:e4:o4:1
# text = It absorbs heat exclusively from warm flowers
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	absorbs	absorb	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absorb** | present | It | heat |  | warm flowers |  | exclusively *property* | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Goal heat=Theme from flower=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees/)