---
title: Identify the structures designated elytra in beetles. — Beetles: the biggest group of animals… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the structures designated elytra in beetles. Exam question 1 of lesson 306 «Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the structures designated elytra in beetles.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, structures · **What happens:** identify, designate · **To what, where:** elytra

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 306 «Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs:e1:1
# text = Identify the structures designated elytra in beetles.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	structures	structure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	designated	designate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
5	elytra	elytra	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	beetles	beetle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **designate** | past | the structures | elytra |  |  |  | in beetles | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elytra=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hardened forewings that enclose and protect the membranous hind wings

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs:e1:o1:1
# text = Hardened forewings that enclose and protect the membranous hind wings
1	Hardened	harden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	forewings	forewing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	enclose	enclose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
6	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	membranous	membranous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	hind	hind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harden** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **enclose** | present | Hardened forewings |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **protect** | present | Hardened forewings | the membranous hind wings |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Segments of the foot employed in classification

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs:e1:o2:1
# text = Segments of the foot employed in classification
1	Segments	segment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	classification	classification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **employ** | participle |  | the foot *not said here* |  | classification |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mouthparts adapted for the sucking of fluids

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs:e1:o3:1
# text = Mouthparts adapted for the sucking of fluids
1	Mouthparts	mouthpart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	adapted	adapt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	sucking	suck	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	amod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	fluids	fluid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **adapt** | participle |  | Mouthparts *not said here* |  |  |  | for the sucking fluids | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **suck** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sensory appendages situated upon the head

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs:e1:o4:1
# text = Sensory appendages situated upon the head
1	Sensory	sensory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	appendages	appendage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	situated	situate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **situate** | participle |  | Sensory appendages *not said here* |  | the head |  |  | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon head=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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