---
title: In A Bug's Life, Francis the ladybird and Dim the beetle are called… — Beetles: the biggest group of animals… · tree and pragmatics
description: In A Bug's Life, Francis the ladybird and Dim the beetle are called «bugs». What would a scientist say? Test 4 · ★★ of lesson 306 «Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the q
---

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# Test 4 · ★★ · Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In A Bug's Life, Francis the ladybird and Dim the beetle are called «bugs». What would a scientist say?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** scientist · **What happens:** call, say · **To what, where:** Francis, Life · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 306 «Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In A Bug's Life, Francis the ladybird and Dim the beetle are called «bugs».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs:t4:1
# text = In A Bug's Life, Francis the ladybird and Dim the beetle are called «bugs».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Bug	Bug	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	Life	Life	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Francis	Francis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ladybird	ladybird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Dim	Dim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	bugs	bug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Francis and Dim |  | a Bug's Life |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What would a scientist say?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs:t4:2
# text = What would a scientist say?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | would | a scientist |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beetles and ladybirds chew, so they are not true bugs, which suck through straws

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs:t4:o1:1
# text = Beetles and ladybirds chew, so they are not true bugs, which suck through straws
1	Beetles	beetle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	ladybirds	ladybird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	chew	chew	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	bugs	bug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	suck	suck	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	through	through	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	straws	straw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chew** | present | Beetles and ladybirds |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | present | Beetles *= beetle* | true bugs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **suck** | present | true bugs |  |  | straws |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only spiders are true bugs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs:t4:o2:1
# text = Only spiders are true bugs
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	spiders	spider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bugs	bug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | spiders | true bugs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ladybirds are true bugs, because they are small and round, but beetles are not

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs:t4:o3:1
# text = Ladybirds are true bugs, because they are small and round, but beetles are not
1	Ladybirds	ladybird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	bugs	bug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	beetles	beetle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ladybirds | true bugs but beetles |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Ladybirds *= ladybird* |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Ladybirds *= ladybird* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every insect is a true bug

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs:t4:o4:1
# text = Every insect is a true bug
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bug	bug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | every insect | a true bug |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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