---
title: «can a frog really fly?? mate says so» What is the truth? — Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass… · tree and pragmatics
description: «can a frog really fly?? mate says so» What is the truth? Test 10 of lesson 308 «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice w
---

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# Test 10 · Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«can a frog really fly?? mate says so» What is the truth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** mate · **What happens:** fly, say, be · **To what, where:** frog, truth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 of lesson 308 «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/#t10).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog:t10:1
# text = «can a frog really fly?? mate says so» What is the truth?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	really	really	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	??	??	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
8	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	15	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** *in a quote* | can |  | a frog |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | mate |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | the truth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, some frogs have wings like birds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog:t10:o1:1
# text = Yes, some frogs have wings like birds
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some frogs | wings |  |  |  | like birds | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No frog can move through the air at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog:t10:o2:1
# text = No frog can move through the air at all
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | can | no frog |  |  | the air |  | at all | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme through air=Source at all=Trajectory |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some frogs, like Wallace's flying frog, glide on webbed feet, but none truly fly

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog:t10:o3:1
# text = Some frogs, like Wallace's flying frog, glide on webbed feet, but none truly fly
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	Wallace	Wallace	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	glide	glide	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	webbed	web	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	18	nsubj	_	_
17	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **glide** | present | some frogs and Wallace's flying frog |  |  | webbed feet |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on foot=Trajectory |
| 3 | **web** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **fly** | present | none |  |  |  |  | truly *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, they fly as high as eagles

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog:t10:o4:1
# text = Yes, they fly as high as eagles
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	as	as	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	eagles	eagle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | they |  |  |  |  | as eagles; high *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/)