---
title: You look under a leaf over a stream in Costa Rica and see a little f… — Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass… · tree and pragmatics
description: You look under a leaf over a stream in Costa Rica and see a little frog sitting by some eggs. Who is it likely to be? Test 8 of lesson 308 «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pra
---

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# Test 8 · Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You look under a leaf over a stream in Costa Rica and see a little frog sitting by some eggs. Who is it likely to be?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** You, little frog · **What happens:** look, see, sit, be · **To what, where:** little frog

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 of lesson 308 «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* You look under a leaf over a stream in Costa Rica and see a little frog sitting by some eggs.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog:t8:1
# text = You look under a leaf over a stream in Costa Rica and see a little frog sitting by some eggs.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	under	under	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Costa	Costa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	Rica	Rica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	20	det	_	_
20	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | You |  |  |  |  | over a stream in Costa; under a leaf | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent under leaf=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | present | You *not said here* | a little frog |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer frog=Stimulus |
| 3 | **sit** | gerund | a little frog *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by some eggs | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by egg=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Who is it likely to be?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog:t8:2
# text = Who is it likely to be?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | likely *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A glass frog father guarding his eggs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog:t8:o1:1
# text = A glass frog father guarding his eggs
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	guarding	guard	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guard** | gerund | a glass frog father *not said here* | his eggs |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lost tadpole that has just grown legs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog:t8:o2:1
# text = A lost tadpole that has just grown legs
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	tadpole	tadpole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **grow** | present · perfect | a lost tadpole |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mother frog laying her very first egg

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog:t8:o3:1
# text = A mother frog laying her very first egg
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	laying	lay	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | gerund | a mother frog *not said here* | frog's first egg |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hungry frog eating the eggs one by one

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog:t8:o4:1
# text = A hungry frog eating the eggs one by one
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund | a hungry frog *not said here* | the eggs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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