---
title: Why might young tiger sharks need stripes more than big old ones? — Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why might young tiger sharks need stripes more than big old ones? Test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 310 «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/t11/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/) / t11

# Test 11 · ★★★ · Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why might young tiger sharks need stripes more than big old ones?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** young tiger sharks · **What happens:** need · **To what, where:** stripes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 310 «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead:t11:1
# text = Why might young tiger sharks need stripes more than big old ones?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
2	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	tiger	tiger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	obj	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | young tiger sharks | stripes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stripes make them swim slower

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead:t11:o1:1
# text = Stripes make them swim slower
1	Stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	slower	slow	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Stripes | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swim** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | slow *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Small sharks have more enemies, and stripes may help them hide

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead:t11:o2:1
# text = Small sharks have more enemies, and stripes may help them hide
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Small sharks | more enemies |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | may | stripes | enemies *= enemy* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **hide** | infinitive | enemies *= enemy* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old sharks hate stripes and bite any young shark that has them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead:t11:o3:1
# text = Old sharks hate stripes and bite any young shark that has them
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hate	hate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	bite	bite	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hate** | present | Old sharks | stripes |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stripe=Stimulus |
| 2 | **bite** | present | Old sharks *not said here* | any young shark |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shark=Patient |
| 3 | **have** | present | any young shark | sharks *= shark* |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stripes keep the water warm

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead:t11:o4:1
# text = Stripes keep the water warm
1	Stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Stripes | the water |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/t10/)
- next →: [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/t12/)
- ↑ back to [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/)