---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Sharks by kind, small and strange: wal… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the discovery of the megamouth shark? Exam question 3 of lesson 311 «Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbegongs, cookiecutters and goblin sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tre
---

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# Exam question 3 · Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbego…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the discovery of the megamouth shark?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, discover · **To what, where:** discovery, megamouth shark

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 311 «Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbegongs, cookiecutters and goblin sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the discovery of the megamouth shark?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	discovery	discovery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	megamouth	megamouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the discovery of the megamouth shark |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **discover** |  |  | the megamouth shark |  |  |  |  | nom discovery «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It has been known since antiquity as a common coastal species

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:e3:o1:1
# text = It has been known since antiquity as a common coastal species
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	since	since	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	antiquity	antiquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	coastal	coastal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present · perfect · passive |  | It |  |  | since antiquity | as a common coastal species | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as species=Attribute |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was first recorded in 1976 upon becoming entangled in a vessel's sea anchor near Hawaii

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:e3:o2:1
# text = It was first recorded in 1976 upon becoming entangled in a vessel's sea anchor near Hawaii
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	advmod	_	_
4	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1976	1976	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
7	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	entangled	entangle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	anchor	anchor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	near	near	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **record** | past · passive |  | It |  | 1976 |  | first *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in 1976=Destination |
| 2 | **entangle** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  | in a vessel's sea anchor near Hawaii | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: in anchor=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was first identified solely from fossilised teeth discovered in the deserts of North Africa

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:e3:o3:1
# text = It was first identified solely from fossilised teeth discovered in the deserts of North Africa
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	advmod	_	_
4	identified	identify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	fossilised	fossilis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	discovered	discover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	deserts	desert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | past · passive |  | It |  | fossilised teeth |  | first, solely *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **fossilis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **discover** | participle |  | fossilised teeth *not said here* |  | the deserts of North Africa |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was first recorded in 1776 by fishermen in the North Sea

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:e3:o4:1
# text = It was first recorded in 1776 by fishermen in the North Sea
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	advmod	_	_
4	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1776	1776	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	fishermen	fisherman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **record** | past · passive | fishermen in the North Sea | It |  | 1776 |  | first *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in 1776=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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