---
title: Why might a little shark that glows on its belly be harder to spot f… — Sharks by kind, small and strange: wal… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why might a little shark that glows on its belly be harder to spot from below? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 311 «Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbegongs, cookiecutters and goblin sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the que
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbego…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why might a little shark that glows on its belly be harder to spot from below?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** little shark · **What happens:** glow, be, spot · **To what, where:** belly

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 311 «Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbegongs, cookiecutters and goblin sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:t11:1
# text = Why might a little shark that glows on its belly be harder to spot from below?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
2	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	glows	glow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	belly	belly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
12	harder	hard	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	spot	spot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	below	below	ADV	RB	_	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glow** | present | a little shark |  |  | shark's belly |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on belly=Location |
| 2 | **is** | might | a little shark |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **spot** | to-infinitive | a little shark *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its glow matches the light coming down from the surface

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:t11:o1:1
# text = Its glow matches the light coming down from the surface
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	glow	glow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	matches	match	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **match** | present | Its glow | the light |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient |
| 2 | **come down** | gerund | the light *not said here* |  |  | the surface |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from surface=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **glow** |  | Its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom glow «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light from below is always dark

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:t11:o2:1
# text = Light from below is always dark
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	below	below	ADV	RB	_	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Light |  |  |  |  | always, dark *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Glowing makes animals see-through

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:t11:o3:1
# text = Glowing makes animals see-through
1	Glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	through	thorough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	compound	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | animals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **see** | infinitive | animals *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The glow blinds every hunter for ever, so none can see it again

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:t11:o4:1
# text = The glow blinds every hunter for ever, so none can see it again
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	glow	glow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	blinds	blind	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	12	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	again	again	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blind** | present | the glow | every hunter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | can | none | hunter |  |  | again |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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