---
title: In a cartoon every shark is a huge grey monster with a fin sticking… — Sharks by kind, small and strange: wal… · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon every shark is a huge grey monster with a fin sticking out of the water. What is the truth? Test 7 · ★ of lesson 311 «Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbegongs, cookiecutters and goblin sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree 
---

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# Test 7 · ★ · Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbego…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon every shark is a huge grey monster with a fin sticking out of the water. What is the truth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** shark, fin, truth · **What happens:** be, stick out · **To what, where:** huge grey monster, cartoon, water

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 311 «Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbegongs, cookiecutters and goblin sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon every shark is a huge grey monster with a fin sticking out of the water.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:t7:1
# text = In a cartoon every shark is a huge grey monster with a fin sticking out of the water.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	fin	fin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	sticking	stick	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | every shark | a huge grey monster |  | a cartoon |  | with a fin | tree rules |
| 2 | **stick out** | gerund | a fin *not said here* | the water |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is the truth?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:t7:2
# text = What is the truth?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the truth |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sharks are always grey, never patterned

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:t7:o1:1
# text = Sharks are always grey, never patterned
1	Sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	patterned	pattern	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Sharks |  |  |  |  | always, grey *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **pattern** | participle | Sharks *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many sharks are small, flat, glowing or strange; some are shorter than your arm

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:t7:o2:1
# text = Many sharks are small, flat, glowing or strange; some are shorter than your arm
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	parataxis	_	_
15	than	than	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Many sharks |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Many sharks *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **glow** | gerund | Many sharks *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **be** |  | Many sharks *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | present | some |  |  |  |  | than your arm; short *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only great white sharks are real sharks, and the others are just big fish

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:t7:o3:1
# text = Only great white sharks are real sharks, and the others are just big fish
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	just	just	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | great white sharks | real sharks and big fish |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the others | big fish |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All sharks are at least 5 metres long

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks:t7:o4:1
# text = All sharks are at least 5 metres long
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	nmod	_	_
6	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | all sharks |  |  |  |  | 5 metres *obl:unmarked*; long *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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