---
title: Ascertain the reason for which certain species of beaked whale are k… — Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sp… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the reason for which certain species of beaked whale are known principally from stranded carcasses. Exam question 4 of lesson 313 «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and p
---

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# Exam question 4 · Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, bel…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the reason for which certain species of beaked whale are known principally from stranded carcasses.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, know, strand · **To what, where:** reason, certain species, stranded carcasses

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 313 «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the reason for which certain species of beaked whale are known principally from stranded carcasses.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
6	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	beaked	beaked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	whale	whale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
13	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	stranded	strand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	carcasses	carcass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **know** | present · passive |  | certain species of beaked whale |  | stranded carcasses |  | for the reason; principally *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 3 | **strand** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They became extinct before the invention of boats

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales:e4:o1:1
# text = They became extinct before the invention of boats
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	invention	invention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | They |  |  |  | before the invention of boats | extinct *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **invent** |  |  | boats |  |  |  |  | nom invention «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They inhabit freshwater lakes inaccessible to scientists

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales:e4:o2:1
# text = They inhabit freshwater lakes inaccessible to scientists
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	freshwater	freshwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	inaccessible	inaccessible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inhabit** | present | They | freshwater lakes |  |  |  | to scientists; inaccessible *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They dwell far from shore and dive to great depths, and are therefore rarely observed alive

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales:e4:o3:1
# text = They dwell far from shore and dive to great depths, and are therefore rarely observed alive
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	dive	dive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	depths	depth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
14	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	rarely	rarely	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
17	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dwell** | present | They |  |  | shore |  | far *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **dive** | infinitive | They *not said here* |  |  | great depths |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to depth=Location |
| 3 | **observe** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | alive, rarely, therefore *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They emerge from the sea only at night

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales:e4:o4:1
# text = They emerge from the sea only at night
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	emerge	emerge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emerge** | present | They |  |  | the sea | night |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from sea=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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