---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Kitt… — Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampi… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Kitti's hog-nosed bat? Exam question 3 of lesson 314 «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the quest
---

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# Exam question 3 · Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumbleb…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Kitti's hog-nosed bat?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, nose · **To what, where:** nosed bat

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 314 «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Kitti's hog-nosed bat?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Kitti	Kitti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	hog	hog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	nosed	nose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | Kitti's nosed bat |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **nose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It weighs approximately two kilograms and ranks among the largest of bats

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers:e3:o1:1
# text = It weighs approximately two kilograms and ranks among the largest of bats
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	weighs	weigh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ranks	rank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	among	among	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh** | present | It | two kilograms and ranks |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kilogram=Value |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a fruit bat with wings exceeding one metre in span

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers:e3:o2:1
# text = It is a fruit bat with wings exceeding one metre in span
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	exceeding	exceed	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	metre	metre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	span	span	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a fruit bat |  |  |  | with wings | tree rules |
| 2 | **exceed** | gerund | wings *not said here* | one metre |  |  |  | in span | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot metre=Theme in span=Attribute |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a species of bird mistakenly classified as a bat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers:e3:o3:1
# text = It is a species of bird mistakenly classified as a bat
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	mistakenly	mistakenly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	classified	classify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a species |  |  |  | of bird | tree rules |
| 2 | **classify** | participle |  | a species *not said here* |  |  |  | as a bat; mistakenly *property* | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent as bat=Attribute |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It weighs approximately two grams and ranks among the smallest of mammals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers:e3:o4:1
# text = It weighs approximately two grams and ranks among the smallest of mammals
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	weighs	weigh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	grams	gram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ranks	rank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	among	among	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	smallest	small	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh** | present | It | two grams and ranks |  |  |  | among the smallest of mammals | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme gram=Value |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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