---
title: Ascertain the reason for which the loss of a single summer roost may… — Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the reason for which the loss of a single summer roost may harm a local bat population. Exam question 4 of lesson 315 «Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of 
---

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# Exam question 4 · Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the reason for which the loss of a single summer roost may harm a local bat population.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, loss · **What happens:** ascertain, harm · **To what, where:** reason, local bat population

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 315 «Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the reason for which the loss of a single summer roost may harm a local bat population.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	roost	roost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
13	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl:relcl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **harm** | may | the loss of a single summer roost | a local bat population |  |  |  | for the reason | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus population=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats lay numerous eggs which require a specific roof

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up:e4:o1:1
# text = Bats lay numerous eggs which require a specific roof
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	require	require	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	specific	specific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | Bats | numerous eggs |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result |
| 2 | **require** | present | numerous eggs | a specific roof |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme roof=Precondition |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roosts are the sole location in which bats are able to feed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up:e4:o2:1
# text = Roosts are the sole location in which bats are able to feed
1	Roosts	roost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sole	sole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	location	location	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
8	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Roosts | the sole location |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | bats |  |  | the sole location |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **feed** | to-infinitive | bats *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Females gather there to raise usually a single young per year, so losses are slowly replaced

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up:e4:o3:1
# text = Females gather there to raise usually a single young per year, so losses are slowly replaced
1	Females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gather	gather	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	raise	raise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	_
10	per	per	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
14	losses	loss	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
16	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	replaced	replace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | present | Females |  |  | there |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **raise** | to-infinitive | Females *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **replace** | present · passive |  | losses |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats are unable to fly without the shelter of a building

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up:e4:o4:1
# text = Bats are unable to fly without the shelter of a building
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Bats |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | to-infinitive | Bats *not said here* |  |  |  |  | without the shelter of a building | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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