---
title: Toads and frogs both live near ponds. How can you tell a toad? — Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders · tree and pragmatics
description: Toads and frogs both live near ponds. How can you tell a toad? Test 10 · ★ of lesson 32 «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 10 · ★ · Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toads and frogs both live near ponds. How can you tell a toad?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Toads, you · **What happens:** live, tell · **To what, where:** ponds, toad · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 32 «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Toads and frogs both live near ponds.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders:t10:1
# text = Toads and frogs both live near ponds.
1	Toads	toad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	both	both	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ponds	pond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Toads and frogs |  |  | ponds |  | both *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near pond=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How can you tell a toad?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders:t10:2
# text = How can you tell a toad?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | can | you |  | a toad |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent toad=Recipient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smooth wet skin and long legs for jumping

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders:t10:o1:1
# text = Smooth wet skin and long legs for jumping
1	Smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	jumping	jump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | gerund | Smooth wet skin and long legs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A long tail and a wavy crest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders:t10:o2:1
# text = A long tail and a wavy crest
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	wavy	wavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	crest	crest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Feathery gills on its head

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders:t10:o3:1
# text = Feathery gills on its head
1	Feathery	feathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dry, warty skin and short legs for walking

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders:t10:o4:1
# text = Dry, warty skin and short legs for walking
1	Dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	warty	warty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	walking	walking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/t9/)
- next →: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/t11/)
- ↑ back to [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/)