---
title: In a cartoon a salamander is born in a campfire and dances in the fl… — Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon a salamander is born in a campfire and dances in the flames. How did that idea really start? Test 2 · ★ of lesson 32 «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's c
---

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# Test 2 · ★ · Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon a salamander is born in a campfire and dances in the flames. How did that idea really start?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** idea · **What happens:** bear, dance, be, start · **To what, where:** salamander, cartoon, flames

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 32 «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon a salamander is born in a campfire and dances in the flames.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders:t2:1
# text = In a cartoon a salamander is born in a campfire and dances in the flames.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	salamander	salamander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	dances	dance	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present · passive |  | a salamander |  | a cartoon |  | in a campfire | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **dance** | present |  |  |  | the flames |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in flame=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How did that idea really start?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders:t2:2
# text = How did that idea really start?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	really	really	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | that idea |  |  |  |  | how *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **start** | infinitive | that idea *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People saw salamanders eating hot coals from the fire, so they believed it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders:t2:o1:1
# text = People saw salamanders eating hot coals from the fire, so they believed it
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	salamanders	salamander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coals	coal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | People | salamanders |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer salamander=Stimulus |
| 2 | **eat** | gerund | salamanders *not said here* | hot coals |  | the fire |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coal=Patient |
| 3 | **believe** | past | People | fire |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salamanders breathe fire like dragons

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders:t2:o2:1
# text = Salamanders breathe fire like dragons
1	Salamanders	salamander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	dragons	dragon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | Salamanders | fire |  |  |  | like dragons | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salamanders hiding in damp logs ran out when the logs were burnt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders:t2:o3:1
# text = Salamanders hiding in damp logs ran out when the logs were burnt
1	Salamanders	salamander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	hiding	hide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	logs	log	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	12	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	logs	log	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | gerund | Salamanders *not said here* |  |  | damp logs |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in log=Location |
| 2 | **run out** | past | Salamanders |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **burnt** | past · passive |  | the logs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salamanders really are fireproof

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders:t2:o4:1
# text = Salamanders really are fireproof
1	Salamanders	salamander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	really	really	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	fireproof	fireproof	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fireproof *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/t1/)
- next →: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/t3/)
- ↑ back to [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/)