---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Bears up close: noses, claws, dens, th… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the winter dormancy of the black bear? Exam question 3 of lesson 320 «Bears up close: noses, claws, dens, the honey myth and bear safety» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the que
---

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# Exam question 3 · Bears up close: noses, claws, dens, the honey myth and bea…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the winter dormancy of the black bear?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** winter dormancy

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 320 «Bears up close: noses, claws, dens, the honey myth and bear safety» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/320-bears-up-close-noses-claws-dens-the-honey-myth-and-bear-safety/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:320-bears-up-close-noses-claws-dens-the-honey-myth-and-bear-safety:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the winter dormancy of the black bear?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	dormancy	dormancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the winter dormancy of the black bear |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Body temperature falls by only a few degrees and the animal may rouse rapidly, without eating or excreting for months

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:320-bears-up-close-noses-claws-dens-the-honey-myth-and-bear-safety:e3:o1:1
# text = Body temperature falls by only a few degrees and the animal may rouse rapidly, without eating or excreting for months
1	Body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	rouse	rouse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
14	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	excreting	excrete	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | present | Body temperature |  |  |  |  | by a few degrees | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by degree=Location |
| 2 | **rouse** | may | the animal |  |  |  |  | rapidly *property* | vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **eat** | gerund | the animal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **excrete** | gerund | the animal *not said here* |  |  |  | month |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The animal remains active and feeds throughout the winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:320-bears-up-close-noses-claws-dens-the-honey-myth-and-bear-safety:e3:o2:1
# text = The animal remains active and feeds throughout the winter
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	remains	remain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	feeds	feed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | present | the animal |  |  |  |  | active *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **feed** | present | the animal *not said here* |  |  |  | winter |  | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Body temperature falls to that of the surrounding snow, the heart ceases to beat and arousal before spring is impossible

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:320-bears-up-close-noses-claws-dens-the-honey-myth-and-bear-safety:e3:o3:1
# text = Body temperature falls to that of the surrounding snow, the heart ceases to beat and arousal before spring is impossible
1	Body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	parataxis	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	surrounding	surround	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	ceases	cease	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	arousal	arousal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	before	before	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | present | Body temperature |  |  |  |  | to that | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to that=Theme |
| 2 | **surround** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cease** | present | the heart |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **beat** | to-infinitive | the heart *not said here* | arousal |  |  | spring |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location arousal=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | impossible *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The animal must emerge each day in order to drink

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:320-bears-up-close-noses-claws-dens-the-honey-myth-and-bear-safety:e3:o4:1
# text = The animal must emerge each day in order to drink
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	emerge	emerge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	10	mark	_	_
8	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	fixed	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emerge** | must | the animal |  |  |  | day |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **drink** | to-infinitive | the animal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Bears up close: noses, claws, dens, th…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/320-bears-up-close-noses-claws-dens-the-honey-myth-and-bear-safety/e2/)
- next →: [Bears up close: noses, claws, dens, th…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/320-bears-up-close-noses-claws-dens-the-honey-myth-and-bear-safety/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Bears up close: noses, claws, dens, the honey myth and bear safety](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/320-bears-up-close-noses-claws-dens-the-honey-myth-and-bear-safety/)