---
title: In a cartoon three vultures circle over a lost man in the desert, wa… — Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vul… · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon three vultures circle over a lost man in the desert, waiting. What are real vultures doing when they circle? Test 2 · ★★ of lesson 324 «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question an
---

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# Test 2 · ★★ · Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon three vultures circle over a lost man in the desert, waiting. What are real vultures doing when they circle?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** three vultures, real vultures, vultures · **What happens:** circle, lose, wait, be, do · **To what, where:** cartoon, real vultures

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 324 «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon three vultures circle over a lost man in the desert, waiting.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures:t2:1
# text = In a cartoon three vultures circle over a lost man in the desert, waiting.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	vultures	vulture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	circle	circle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **circle** | present | three vultures |  |  | a cartoon |  | over a lost man in the desert | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **wait** | gerund | three vultures *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What are real vultures doing when they circle?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures:t2:2
# text = What are real vultures doing when they circle?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	vultures	vulture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	circle	circle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | real vultures |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | gerund | real vultures *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **circle** | present | vultures *= vulture* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Riding warm air and searching wide areas for animals already dead

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures:t2:o1:1
# text = Riding warm air and searching wide areas for animals already dead
1	Riding	ride	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	csubj	_	_
2	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	searching	search	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
6	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	already	already	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | gerund |  | warm air |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 2 | **search** | gerund |  | wide areas |  |  |  | for animals | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent area=Location for animal=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dancing to call the rain

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures:t2:o2:1
# text = Dancing to call the rain
1	Dancing	dance	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dance** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | to-infinitive |  | the rain |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent rain=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Counting the people below

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures:t2:o3:1
# text = Counting the people below
1	Counting	count	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	below	below	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | gerund |  | the people |  |  |  | below *property* | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Waiting for the living man to stop moving so they can attack him

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures:t2:o4:1
# text = Waiting for the living man to stop moving so they can attack him
1	Waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	attack	attack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for the living man | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **move** | gerund | Waiting |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **attack** | can | they | man |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/)