---
title: Identify the principal reason for which deciduous trees shed their l… — The garden in winter: bare trees, trac… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which deciduous trees shed their leaves in advance of winter. Exam question 1 of lesson 336 «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the que
---

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# Exam question 1 · The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and w…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which deciduous trees shed their leaves in advance of winter.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, deciduous trees, winter · **What happens:** identify, shed, advance · **To what, where:** principal reason, leaves, advance

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 336 «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which deciduous trees shed their leaves in advance of winter.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	deciduous	deciduous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	shed	shed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	advance	advance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **shed** | past | deciduous trees | trees's leaves |  | advance of winter |  | for the principal reason | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leaf=Source |
| 3 | **advance** |  | winter |  |  |  |  |  | nom advance «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The provision of food for animals that hibernate

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where:e1:o1:1
# text = The provision of food for animals that hibernate
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	provision	provision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	hibernate	hibernate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hibernate** | present | animals |  |  |  |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **provide** |  | food |  |  |  |  | for animals | nom provision «communication intransitive»: of=agent for=obl |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The concealment of the buds from birds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where:e1:o2:1
# text = The concealment of the buds from birds
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	concealment	concealment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	buds	bud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceal** |  |  | the buds from birds |  |  |  |  | nom concealment «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The conservation of water during a period in which the ground is frozen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where:e1:o3:1
# text = The conservation of water during a period in which the ground is frozen
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	conservation	conservation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | present · passive |  | the conservation of water during a period in the ground |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **conserve** |  |  | water |  |  | during a period in the ground |  | nom conservation «event transitive»: of=patient during=obl |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The reception of a greater quantity of snow upon the branches

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where:e1:o4:1
# text = The reception of a greater quantity of snow upon the branches
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reception	reception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** |  |  | a greater quantity of snow |  |  |  | upon the branches | nom reception «communication transitive»: of=patient upon=obl |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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