---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Park trees: telling oaks, maples, ches… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the leaf of the horse chestnut? Exam question 1 of lesson 339 «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the
---

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# Exam question 1 · Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, lime…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the leaf of the horse chestnut?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** leaf

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 339 «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the leaf of the horse chestnut?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	chestnut	chestnut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the leaf of the horse chestnut |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is small, triangular and borne upon white twigs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart:e1:o1:1
# text = It is small, triangular and borne upon white twigs
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	triangular	triangular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	borne	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	twigs	twig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | upon white twigs | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is heart-shaped and secretes honeydew

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart:e1:o2:1
# text = It is heart-shaped and secretes honeydew
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
3	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	secretes	secrete	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	honeydew	honeydew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **secrete** | present |  | honeydew |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a single leaf with a wavy margin

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart:e1:o3:1
# text = It is a single leaf with a wavy margin
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	wavy	wavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	margin	margin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a single leaf |  |  |  | with a wavy margin | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is composed of five to seven leaflets arranged like the fingers of a hand

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart:e1:o4:1
# text = It is composed of five to seven leaflets arranged like the fingers of a hand
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	_
8	leaflets	leaflet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	arranged	arrange	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compose** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | of five leaflets | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **arrange** | participle |  | five leaflets *not said here* |  |  |  | like the fingers of a hand | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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