---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Where milk comes from: cow to carton,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the process of pasteurisation? Exam question 2 of lesson 341 «Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and y…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the process of pasteurisation?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, process · **To what, where:** process, pasteurisation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 341 «Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the process of pasteurisation?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	pasteurisation	pasteurisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the process of pasteurisation |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **process** |  |  | pasteurisation |  |  |  |  | nom process «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The milk is heated to approximately seventy-two degrees for fifteen seconds so that germs are destroyed

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt:e2:o1:1
# text = The milk is heated to approximately seventy-two degrees for fifteen seconds so that germs are destroyed
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	heated	heat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
6	approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	seventy	seventy	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	advcl	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	fifteen	fifteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
14	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	18	mark	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heat** | present · passive |  | the milk |  |  | second |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **destroy** | present · passive |  | germs |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The milk is frozen to a very low temperature for several days so that all germs are rendered inactive permanently

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt:e2:o2:1
# text = The milk is frozen to a very low temperature for several days so that all germs are rendered inactive permanently
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
13	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	rendered	render	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
19	inactive	inactive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	_
20	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | present · passive |  | the milk |  |  | day | to a low temperature | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **render** | present · passive |  | all germs |  |  |  | inactive, permanently *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The milk is mixed with acid so that it thickens

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt:e2:o3:1
# text = The milk is mixed with acid so that it thickens
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	10	mark	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	thickens	thicken	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix** | present · passive |  | the milk |  |  |  | with acid | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient with acid=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **thicken** | present | milk |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fat of the milk is removed so that it keeps indefinitely

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt:e2:o4:1
# text = The fat of the milk is removed so that it keeps indefinitely
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	removed	remove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	11	mark	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
12	indefinitely	indefinitely	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remove** | present · passive |  | the fat of the milk |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | present | fat |  |  |  |  | indefinitely *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Where milk comes from: cow to carton,…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/e1/)
- next →: [Where milk comes from: cow to carton,…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/)