---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Birds of every kind: penguins, ostrich… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the geographical relation between polar bears and penguins? Exam question 2 of lesson 35 «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the depend
---

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# Exam question 2 · Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, humming…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the geographical relation between polar bears and penguins?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** geographical relation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 35 «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:35-birds-of-every-kind:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the geographical relation between polar bears and penguins?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	geographical	geographical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	relation	relation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	between	between	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the geographical relation |  |  |  | of the following statements; between polar bears and penguins; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They share the same icy coasts in winter, the bears hunting the penguins for food

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:35-birds-of-every-kind:e2:o1:1
# text = They share the same icy coasts in winter, the bears hunting the penguins for food
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	share	share	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coasts	coast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	parataxis	_	_
12	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | present | They | the same icy coasts |  |  |  | in winter | tree rules |
| 2 | **hunt** | gerund | the bears *not said here* | the penguins |  |  |  | for food | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent penguin=Location for food=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both inhabit the Arctic

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:35-birds-of-every-kind:e2:o2:1
# text = Both inhabit the Arctic
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inhabit** | present |  | the Arctic |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The former inhabit the Arctic, the latter the southern hemisphere, and they do not meet in the wild

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:35-birds-of-every-kind:e2:o3:1
# text = The former inhabit the Arctic, the latter the southern hemisphere, and they do not meet in the wild
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
3	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	nsubj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	wild	wild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inhabit** | infinitive | the former | the Arctic |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hemisphere** |  | the latter |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **meet** | present · do-support | they |  |  | the wild |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both inhabit the Antarctic

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:35-birds-of-every-kind:e2:o4:1
# text = Both inhabit the Antarctic
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Antarctic	Antarctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inhabit** | present |  | the Antarctic |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Birds of every kind: penguins, ostrich…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/e1/)
- next →: [Birds of every kind: penguins, ostrich…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/)