---
title: How do young cuckoos find their way to Africa? — Birds of every kind: penguins, ostrich… · tree and pragmatics
description: How do young cuckoos find their way to Africa? Test 10 · ★★ of lesson 35 «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was r
---

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# Test 10 · ★★ · Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, humming…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How do young cuckoos find their way to Africa?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** young cuckoos · **What happens:** find · **To what, where:** way, Africa

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 35 «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/#t10).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:35-birds-of-every-kind:t10:1
# text = How do young cuckoos find their way to Africa?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cuckoos	cuckoo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present · do-support | young cuckoos | cuckoos's way | Africa |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alone, with no parents to show them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:35-birds-of-every-kind:t10:o1:1
# text = Alone, with no parents to show them
1	Alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | parents *= parent* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They hitch a ride on the backs of big geese

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:35-birds-of-every-kind:t10:o2:1
# text = They hitch a ride on the backs of big geese
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hitch	hitch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	backs	back	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	geese	goose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hitch** | present | They | a ride |  |  |  | on the backs of big geese | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent ride=Patient on back=Co-Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The reed warblers fly with them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:35-birds-of-every-kind:t10:o3:1
# text = The reed warblers fly with them
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	reed	reed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	warblers	warbler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | the reed warblers |  |  |  |  | with them *= they* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their real parents lead them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:35-birds-of-every-kind:t10:o4:1
# text = Their real parents lead them
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lead	lead	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present | Their real parents | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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