---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freck… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mechanism whereby perspiration lowers body temperature? Exam question 2 of lesson 353 «Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freckles and sunburn» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of
---

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# Exam question 2 · Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freckles and sunburn

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mechanism whereby perspiration lowers body temperature?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** perspiration · **What happens:** follow, characteris, lower · **To what, where:** mechanism, body temperature

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 353 «Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freckles and sunburn» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/353-skin-layers-sweat-goosebumps-freckles-and-sunburn/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:353-skin-layers-sweat-goosebumps-freckles-and-sunburn:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mechanism whereby perspiration lowers body temperature?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	whereby	whereby	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	perspiration	perspiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	lowers	lower	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
14	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the mechanism |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **lower** | present | perspiration | body temperature |  |  |  | whereby *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sweat diminishes the rate of circulation of the blood

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:353-skin-layers-sweat-goosebumps-freckles-and-sunburn:e2:o1:1
# text = Sweat diminishes the rate of circulation of the blood
1	Sweat	sweat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	diminishes	diminish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **diminish** | present | Sweat | the rate of circulation of the blood |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer rate=Patient |
| 2 | **circulate** |  |  | the blood |  |  |  |  | nom circulation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sweat is secreted at a temperature below that of the air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:353-skin-layers-sweat-goosebumps-freckles-and-sunburn:e2:o2:1
# text = Sweat is secreted at a temperature below that of the air
1	Sweat	sweat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	secreted	secrete	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	below	below	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **secrete** | present · passive |  | Sweat |  | a temperature below that |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sweat obstructs the radiation of the sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:353-skin-layers-sweat-goosebumps-freckles-and-sunburn:e2:o3:1
# text = Sweat obstructs the radiation of the sun
1	Sweat	sweat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	obstructs	obstruct	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obstruct** | present | Sweat | the radiation of the sun |  |  |  |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer radiation=Eventuality |
| 2 | **radiate** |  |  | the sun |  |  |  |  | nom radiation «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heat is withdrawn from the skin in the course of the evaporation of sweat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:353-skin-layers-sweat-goosebumps-freckles-and-sunburn:e2:o4:1
# text = Heat is withdrawn from the skin in the course of the evaporation of sweat
1	Heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	withdrawn	withdraw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	evaporation	evaporation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	sweat	sweat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withdraw** | present · passive |  | Heat |  | the skin |  | in the course of the evaporation of sweat | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Theme from skin=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **evaporate** |  |  | sweat |  |  |  |  | nom evaporation «process transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freck…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/353-skin-layers-sweat-goosebumps-freckles-and-sunburn/e1/)
- next →: [Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freck…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/353-skin-layers-sweat-goosebumps-freckles-and-sunburn/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freckles and sunburn](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/353-skin-layers-sweat-goosebumps-freckles-and-sunburn/)