---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the cervical vertebrae of the giraffe? Exam question 4 of lesson 357 «Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opt
---

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# Exam question 4 · Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the cervical vertebrae of the giraffe?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** cervical vertebrae

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 357 «Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the cervical vertebrae of the giraffe?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	cervical	cervical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	vertebrae	vertebra	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the cervical vertebrae of the giraffe |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are absent, the neck being supported by muscle alone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:e4:o1:1
# text = They are absent, the neck being supported by muscle alone
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	supported	support	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	muscle	muscle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | absent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **support** | gerund · passive | muscle | the neck |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They number in excess of seventy

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:e4:o2:1
# text = They number in excess of seventy
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	excess	excess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	seventy	seventy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are fused into a single bone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:e4:o3:1
# text = They are fused into a single bone
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	fused	fuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fuse** | present · passive |  | They |  |  |  | into a single bone | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient into bone=Co-Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They number seven, as in man, each being greatly elongated

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:e4:o4:1
# text = They number seven, as in man, each being greatly elongated
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	elongated	elongate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **elongate** | gerund · passive | number and man *not said here* | each |  |  |  | greatly *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: [Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs/)