---
title: In a Tom and Jerry cartoon Tom stretches his neck long like a giraff… — Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine a… · tree and pragmatics
description: In a Tom and Jerry cartoon Tom stretches his neck long like a giraffe's, then snaps it back short. What is true about real necks? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 357 «Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the qu
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a Tom and Jerry cartoon Tom stretches his neck long like a giraffe's, then snaps it back short. What is true about real necks?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Tom · **What happens:** stretch, snap back, be · **To what, where:** neck

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 357 «Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a Tom and Jerry cartoon Tom stretches his neck long like a giraffe's, then snaps it back short.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:t4:1
# text = In a Tom and Jerry cartoon Tom stretches his neck long like a giraffe's, then snaps it back short.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
7	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stretches	stretch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
18	snaps	snap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	back	back	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
21	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | present | Tom | Tom's neck |  |  |  | like a giraffe; in a Tom cartoon; long *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent neck=Patient in cartoon=Topic |
| 2 | **snap back** | present | Tom *not said here* | neck |  |  | then | short *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is true about real necks?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:t4:2
# text = What is true about real necks?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	necks	neck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | about real necks; true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A giraffe and a person both have seven neck bones; a giraffe's are just much longer

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:t4:o1:1
# text = A giraffe and a person both have seven neck bones; a giraffe's are just much longer
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc:preconj	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
9	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	just	just	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	much	much	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a giraffe and a person | seven neck bones |  |  |  | long *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | much *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A giraffe's neck has hundreds of tiny bones

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:t4:o2:1
# text = A giraffe's neck has hundreds of tiny bones
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a giraffe's neck | hundreds of tiny bones |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person's neck has no bones at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:t4:o3:1
# text = A person's neck has no bones at all
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a person's neck | no bones |  | all |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Necks can stretch like rubber

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:t4:o4:1
# text = Necks can stretch like rubber
1	Necks	neck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	stretch	stretch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | can | Necks |  |  |  |  | like rubber | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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