---
title: In a cartoon a dog swallows a bone and his neck moves; a boy feels h… — Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine a… · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon a dog swallows a bone and his neck moves; a boy feels his own throat move when he swallows. What bone helps him swallow? Test 9 · ★ of lesson 357 «Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of th
---

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# Test 9 · ★ · Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon a dog swallows a bone and his neck moves; a boy feels his own throat move when he swallows. What bone helps him swallow?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** dog, neck, boy, bone · **What happens:** swallow, move, feel, bone, help · **To what, where:** bone, cartoon, own throat, boy

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 357 «Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs/#t9).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon a dog swallows a bone and his neck moves; a boy feels his own throat move when he swallows.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:t9:1
# text = In a cartoon a dog swallows a bone and his neck moves; a boy feels his own throat move when he swallows.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	swallows	swallow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	move	move	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
21	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	swallows	swallow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swallow** | present | a dog | a bone |  | a cartoon |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |
| 2 | **move** | present | dog's neck |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **feel** | present | a boy | dog's own throat |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent throat=Theme |
| 4 | **move** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **swallow** | present | boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What bone helps him swallow?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:t9:2
# text = What bone helps him swallow?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	swallow	swallow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bone** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | present | bone | boy |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **swallow** | infinitive | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A neck vertebra

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:t9:o1:1
# text = A neck vertebra
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	vertebra	vertebra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lower jaw

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:t9:o2:1
# text = The lower jaw
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	jaw	jaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hyoid, a small horseshoe bone held by muscles

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:t9:o3:1
# text = The hyoid, a small horseshoe bone held by muscles
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hyoid	hyoid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	horseshoe	horseshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
8	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | participle |  | a small horseshoe bone *not said here* |  |  |  | by muscles | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by muscle=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rib

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs:t9:o4:1
# text = A rib
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rib	rib	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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