---
title: «cracking knuckles gives you arthritis, my nan says» What is fairest… — Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands · tree and pragmatics
description: «cracking knuckles gives you arthritis, my nan says» What is fairest to say? Test 7 of lesson 358 «Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 7 · Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«cracking knuckles gives you arthritis, my nan says» What is fairest to say?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cracking knuckles, nan · **What happens:** give, say, be · **To what, where:** arthritis, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 of lesson 358 «Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/#t7).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands:t7:1
# text = «cracking knuckles gives you arthritis, my nan says» What is fairest to say?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	cracking	cracking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	nan	nan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	fairest	fair	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	ccomp	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** *in a quote* | present | cracking knuckles | arthritis | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient arthritis=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | my nan |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It breaks the knuckle bones

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands:t7:o1:1
# text = It breaks the knuckle bones
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	knuckle	knuckle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present | It | the knuckle bones |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bone=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It makes your fingers grow longer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands:t7:o2:1
# text = It makes your fingers grow longer
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	xcomp	_	_
6	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | It | your fingers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | your fingers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doctors have proven again and again that it causes arthritis

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands:t7:o3:1
# text = Doctors have proven again and again that it causes arthritis
1	Doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	proven	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	again	again	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	conj	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | present · perfect | Doctors |  |  |  | again |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cause** | present | it | arthritis |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition arthritis=Patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Studies have not shown that it causes arthritis

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands:t7:o4:1
# text = Studies have not shown that it causes arthritis
1	Studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **show** | present · perfect | Studies |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cause** | present | it | arthritis |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition arthritis=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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