---
title: It is given that a child measured at bedtime is found to be shorter… — Growing up: growth spurts, height, voi… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a child measured at bedtime is found to be shorter than when measured upon waking. Ascertain the reason. Exam question 4 of lesson 361 «Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragma
---

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# Exam question 4 · Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stro…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a child measured at bedtime is found to be shorter than when measured upon waking. Ascertain the reason.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** child, you · **What happens:** give, measure, find, be, wake, ascertain · **To what, where:** It, child, bedtime, reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 361 «Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a child measured at bedtime is found to be shorter than when measured upon waking.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger:e4:1
# text = It is given that a child measured at bedtime is found to be shorter than when measured upon waking.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	measured	measure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	bedtime	bedtime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
14	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	xcomp	_	_
15	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
17	measured	measure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
18	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	waking	wake	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **measure** | participle |  | a child *not said here* |  | bedtime |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent at bedtime=Value |
| 3 | **find** | present · passive |  | a child |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 4 | **is** | to-infinitive | a child *not said here* |  |  |  |  | short *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **measure** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **wake** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the reason.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger:e4:2
# text = Ascertain the reason.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The intervertebral discs are compressed in the course of the day

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger:e4:o1:1
# text = The intervertebral discs are compressed in the course of the day
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	intervertebral	intervertebral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	discs	disc	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	compressed	compress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compress** | present · passive |  | the intervertebral discs |  | the course of the day |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The child grows one centimetre each night permanently

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger:e4:o2:1
# text = The child grows one centimetre each night permanently
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	centimetre	centimetre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | the child | one centimetre |  |  | night | permanently *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location centimetre=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bones are shortened by the evening meal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger:e4:o3:1
# text = The bones are shortened by the evening meal
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	shortened	shorten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shorten** | present · passive | the evening meal | the bones |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The measuring instrument expands overnight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger:e4:o4:1
# text = The measuring instrument expands overnight
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	measuring	measuring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	expands	expand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	overnight	overnight	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expand** | present | the measuring instrument |  |  |  |  | overnight *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Growing up: growth spurts, height, voi…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/e3/)
- next →: [Eyes and ears deeper: glasses, colour…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/362-eyes-and-ears-deeper-glasses-colour-blindness-tears-earwax-and-dizziness/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/)