---
title: Identify the principal cause of the condition known as short sight. — Eyes and ears deeper: glasses, colour… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal cause of the condition known as short sight. Exam question 1 of lesson 362 «Eyes and ears deeper: glasses, colour blindness, tears, earwax and dizziness» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option;
---

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# Exam question 1 · Eyes and ears deeper: glasses, colour blindness, tears, ea…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal cause of the condition known as short sight.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, know, cause · **To what, where:** principal cause, condition

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 362 «Eyes and ears deeper: glasses, colour blindness, tears, earwax and dizziness» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/362-eyes-and-ears-deeper-glasses-colour-blindness-tears-earwax-and-dizziness/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:362-eyes-and-ears-deeper-glasses-colour-blindness-tears-earwax-and-dizziness:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal cause of the condition known as short sight.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal cause of the condition |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | participle |  | the condition *not said here* |  |  |  | as short sight | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as sight=Attribute |
| 3 | **cause** |  |  | the condition |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tear ducts are obstructed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:362-eyes-and-ears-deeper-glasses-colour-blindness-tears-earwax-and-dizziness:e1:o1:1
# text = The tear ducts are obstructed
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tear	tear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ducts	duct	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	obstructed	obstruct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obstruct** | present · passive |  | the tear ducts |  |  |  |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lens of the eye is excessively stiff

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:362-eyes-and-ears-deeper-glasses-colour-blindness-tears-earwax-and-dizziness:e1:o2:1
# text = The lens of the eye is excessively stiff
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lens	lens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	excessively	excessively	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the lens of the eye |  |  |  |  | excessively, stiff *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The eyeball is of excessive length, so distant images are focused in front of the retina

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:362-eyes-and-ears-deeper-glasses-colour-blindness-tears-earwax-and-dizziness:e1:o3:1
# text = The eyeball is of excessive length, so distant images are focused in front of the retina
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	eyeball	eyeball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	images	image	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	focused	focus	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	retina	retina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the eyeball |  |  |  |  | of excessive length | tree rules |
| 2 | **focus** | present · passive |  | distant images |  | front of the retina |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The colour-sensitive cells are absent

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:362-eyes-and-ears-deeper-glasses-colour-blindness-tears-earwax-and-dizziness:e1:o4:1
# text = The colour-sensitive cells are absent
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	sensitive	sensitive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the sensitive cells |  |  |  |  | absent *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Eyes and ears deeper: glasses, colour…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/362-eyes-and-ears-deeper-glasses-colour-blindness-tears-earwax-and-dizziness/t12/)
- next →: [Eyes and ears deeper: glasses, colour…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/362-eyes-and-ears-deeper-glasses-colour-blindness-tears-earwax-and-dizziness/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Eyes and ears deeper: glasses, colour blindness, tears, earwax and dizziness](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/362-eyes-and-ears-deeper-glasses-colour-blindness-tears-earwax-and-dizziness/)