---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Tiny champions: the strongest beetle,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the leaping of the cat flea? Exam question 2 of lesson 365 «Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping flea and the leggiest millipede» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmati
---

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# Exam question 2 · Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the leaping of the cat flea?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** leaping

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 365 «Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping flea and the leggiest millipede» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the leaping of the cat flea?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	leaping	leaping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	flea	flea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the leaping of the cat flea |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flea employs its wings to rise into the air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede:e2:o1:1
# text = The flea employs its wings to rise into the air
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flea	flea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	employs	employ	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **employ** | present | the flea | flea's wings |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent wing=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **rise** | to-infinitive | the flea *not said here* |  |  | the air |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into air=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Energy is stored in an elastic pad and released suddenly in the manner of a catapult

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede:e2:o2:1
# text = Energy is stored in an elastic pad and released suddenly in the manner of a catapult
1	Energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	stored	store	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	elastic	elastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	pad	pad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	released	release	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	catapult	catapult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **store** | present · passive |  | Energy |  | a elastic pad |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in pad=Location |
| 2 | **release** | participle |  |  |  | the manner of a catapult |  | suddenly *property* | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leap is effected solely by large muscles of the legs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede:e2:o3:1
# text = The leap is effected solely by large muscles of the legs
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leap	leap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	effected	affect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | present · passive | large muscles of the legs | the leap |  |  |  | solely *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flea is propelled by currents of air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede:e2:o4:1
# text = The flea is propelled by currents of air
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flea	flea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	propelled	propel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	currents	current	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **propel** | present · passive | currents of air | the flea |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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