---
title: Why is living in a giant herd both safe and risky for saigas? — Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-n… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why is living in a giant herd both safe and risky for saigas? Test 7 of lesson 366 «Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas, pangolins and hagfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi
---

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# Test 7 · Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas,…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why is living in a giant herd both safe and risky for saigas?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** live · **To what, where:** giant herd

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 of lesson 366 «Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas, pangolins and hagfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish/#t7).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish:t7:1
# text = Why is living in a giant herd both safe and risky for saigas?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc:preconj	_	_
9	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	risky	risky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	saigas	saiga	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present · progressive |  |  |  | a giant herd |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in herd=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Herds are always dangerous, because the saigas fight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish:t7:o1:1
# text = Herds are always dangerous, because the saigas fight
1	Herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	saigas	saiga	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	fight	fight	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Herds |  |  |  |  | always, dangerous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fight** | present | the saigas |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Herds are always safe, because wolves never attack big groups

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish:t7:o2:1
# text = Herds are always safe, because wolves never attack big groups
1	Herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	attack	attack	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
10	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Herds |  |  |  |  | always, safe *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **attack** | present | wolves | big groups |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent group=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Herds make the saigas slower and easier to catch

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish:t7:o3:1
# text = Herds make the saigas slower and easier to catch
1	Herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	saigas	saiga	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	slower	slow	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Herds | the saigas |  |  |  | easy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset saiga=Product |
| 2 | **catch** | to-infinitive | the saigas *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A herd protects from hunters, but one disease can hit huge numbers at once

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish:t7:o4:1
# text = A herd protects from hunters, but one disease can hit huge numbers at once
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	protects	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	hit	hit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | a herd |  |  |  |  | from hunters | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent from hunter=Theme |
| 2 | **hit** | can | one disease | huge numbers |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent number=Theme at once=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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