---
title: Identify the principal reasons for which wild animals establish them… — Big wild animals in cities: wild boar,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reasons for which wild animals establish themselves within cities. Exam question 1 of lesson 368 «Big wild animals in cities: wild boar, deer, coyotes, monkeys and leopards» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question
---

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# Exam question 1 · Big wild animals in cities: wild boar, deer, coyotes, monk…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reasons for which wild animals establish themselves within cities.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, wild animals · **What happens:** identify, establish · **To what, where:** principal reasons, animals

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 368 «Big wild animals in cities: wild boar, deer, coyotes, monkeys and leopards» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reasons for which wild animals establish themselves within cities.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	reasons	reason	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	establish	establish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obj	_	_
11	within	within	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reasons |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | present | wild animals | animals *= animal* |  |  |  | for the principal reasons; within cities | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The preference of wild animals for loud noise and the bright lights of streets

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards:e1:o1:1
# text = The preference of wild animals for loud noise and the bright lights of streets
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	preference	preference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prefer** |  |  | wild animals for loud noise and the bright lights of streets |  |  |  |  | nom preference «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **light** |  |  | streets |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The total absence of any food whatsoever in rural areas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards:e1:o2:1
# text = The total absence of any food whatsoever in rural areas
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	rural	rural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absent** |  |  | any food |  | rural areas |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient in=place |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The abundance of food waste, warm shelter and the scarcity of hunters

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards:e1:o3:1
# text = The abundance of food waste, warm shelter and the scarcity of hunters
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	scarcity	scarcity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The provision of beds by the municipal authorities

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards:e1:o4:1
# text = The provision of beds by the municipal authorities
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	provision	provision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	beds	bed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	municipal	municipal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	authorities	authority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** |  | beds |  |  |  |  |  | nom provision «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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