---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Big wild animals in cities: wild boar,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the significance of a prolonged stare directed at a monkey? Exam question 2 of lesson 368 «Big wild animals in cities: wild boar, deer, coyotes, monkeys and leopards» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency t
---

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# Exam question 2 · Big wild animals in cities: wild boar, deer, coyotes, monk…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the significance of a prolonged stare directed at a monkey?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, prolong, direct · **To what, where:** significance, prolonged stare

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 368 «Big wild animals in cities: wild boar, deer, coyotes, monkeys and leopards» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the significance of a prolonged stare directed at a monkey?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	significance	significance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	prolonged	prolong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	stare	stare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	directed	direct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the significance of a prolonged stare |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **prolong** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **direct** | participle |  | a prolonged stare *not said here* |  |  |  | at a monkey | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: agent=Agent at monkey=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is liable to be interpreted as a threat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards:e2:o1:1
# text = It is liable to be interpreted as a threat
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	liable	liable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	interpreted	interpret	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	threat	threat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | liable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **interpret** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | as a threat | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: as threat=Attribute |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is invariably interpreted as an expression of friendship

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards:e2:o2:1
# text = It is invariably interpreted as an expression of friendship
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	interpreted	interpret	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **interpret** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | as a expression of friendship; invariably *property* | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme as expression=Attribute |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is disregarded entirely by monkeys

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards:e2:o3:1
# text = It is disregarded entirely by monkeys
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	disregarded	disregard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disregard** | present · passive | monkeys | It |  |  |  | entirely *property* | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes a request for food

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards:e2:o4:1
# text = It constitutes a request for food
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	request	request	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a request |  |  |  | for food | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme request=Pivot |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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