---
title: «found a swift on the pavement, it can't fly off, prob dying» What i… — City birds: sparrows, starlings, swift… · tree and pragmatics
description: «found a swift on the pavement, it can't fly off, prob dying» What is the best thing to do? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 369 «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the questi
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregri…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«found a swift on the pavement, it can't fly off, prob dying» What is the best thing to do?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** swift, prob, best thing · **What happens:** find, not fly off, die, be, do · **To what, where:** swift, pavement, prob · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 369 «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/#t1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings:t1:1
# text = «found a swift on the pavement, it can't fly off, prob dying» What is the best thing to do?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	swift	swift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pavement	pavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
13	off	off	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	prob	prob	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	dying	die	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
18	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	parataxis	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	22	amod	_	_
22	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** *in a quote* | past |  | a swift |  | the pavement |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent swift=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **fly off** *in a quote* | can | swift | prob |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **die** *in a quote* | gerund | prob *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **is a** | present | the best thing |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **do** | to-infinitive | the best thing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Throw it hard into the air from the ground

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings:t1:o1:1
# text = Throw it hard into the air from the ground
1	Throw	throw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  | the air |  | from the ground; hard *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme into air=Destination from ground=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Give it bread and water and keep it as a pet in a shoebox under your bed

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings:t1:o2:1
# text = Give it bread and water and keep it as a pet in a shoebox under your bed
1	Give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	iobj	_	_
3	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	shoebox	shoebox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
15	under	under	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | imperative | you *not said here* | bread and water | it |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient bread=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | infinitive | you *not said here* | water |  | a shoebox under your bed |  | as a pet | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme in shoebox=Location |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask an adult to call a bird rescue, as swifts cannot take off from flat ground

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings:t1:o3:1
# text = Ask an adult to call a bird rescue, as swifts cannot take off from flat ground
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	rescue	rescue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	swifts	swift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
15	off	off	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **call** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a bird rescue |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent rescue=Recipient |
| 3 | **not** **take off** | can | swifts |  |  | flat ground |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent from ground=Initial\_Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leave it there, because it will walk home

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings:t1:o4:1
# text = Leave it there, because it will walk home
1	Leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
9	home	home	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  | there |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** | future | it |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Big wild animals in cities: wild boar,…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/368-big-wild-animals-in-cities-wild-boar-deer-coyotes-monkeys-and-leopards/e4/)
- next →: [City birds: sparrows, starlings, swift…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/t2/)
- ↑ back to [City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/)