---
title: It is given that a ladybird prepares for flight. Identify the struct… — Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies,… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a ladybird prepares for flight. Identify the structures it raises. Exam question 4 of lesson 37 «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option
---

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# Exam question 4 · Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshop…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a ladybird prepares for flight. Identify the structures it raises.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** ladybird, you · **What happens:** give, prepare, identify, raise · **To what, where:** It, structures

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 37 «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a ladybird prepares for flight.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers:e4:1
# text = It is given that a ladybird prepares for flight.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ladybird	ladybird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	prepares	prepare	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **prepare** | present | a ladybird |  |  |  |  | for flight | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for flight=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Identify the structures it raises.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers:e4:2
# text = Identify the structures it raises.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	structures	structure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	raises	raise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the structures |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent structure=Theme |
| 2 | **raise** | present | ladybird | the structures *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent structure=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The abdomen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers:e4:o1:1
# text = The abdomen
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	abdomen	abdomen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hardened forewings, or elytra

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers:e4:o2:1
# text = The hardened forewings, or elytra
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hardened	harden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	forewings	forewing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	elytra	elytra	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harden** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hind legs and the feet

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers:e4:o3:1
# text = The hind legs and the feet
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hind	hind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The antennae

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers:e4:o4:1
# text = The antennae
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	antennae	antennae	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/)