---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the European bison possesses… — Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, w… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the European bison possesses limited genetic variety at present. Exam question 1 of lesson 372 «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of t
---

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# Exam question 1 · Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the European bison possesses limited genetic variety at present.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, European bison · **What happens:** identify, possess · **To what, where:** principal reason, limited genetic variety, present

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 372 «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the European bison possesses limited genetic variety at present.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	bison	bison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	possesses	possess	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
11	limited	limited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	genetic	genetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	variety	variety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **possess** | present | the European bison | limited genetic variety |  | present |  | for the principal reason | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot variety=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It reproduces only once in a century

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears:e1:o1:1
# text = It reproduces only once in a century
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reproduces	reproduce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reproduce** | present | It |  |  |  | century | once *property* | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The entire present population is descended from merely twelve animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears:e1:o2:1
# text = The entire present population is descended from merely twelve animals
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	entire	entire	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	descended	descend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	merely	merely	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | present · passive |  | the entire present population |  |  |  | from twelve animals | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was introduced from America in recent decades

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears:e1:o3:1
# text = It was introduced from America in recent decades
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	decades	decade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **introduce** | past · passive |  | It |  | America | decade |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It has interbred with domestic cattle exclusively for many centuries

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears:e1:o4:1
# text = It has interbred with domestic cattle exclusively for many centuries
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	interbred	interbreed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	domestic	domestic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **interbreed** | present · perfect · passive |  | It |  |  | century | with domestic cattle; exclusively *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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