---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Ukraine's steppe: marmots, sousliks, g… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the present extent of the Ukrainian steppe? Exam question 3 of lesson 373 «Ukraine's steppe: marmots, sousliks, great bustards and Askania-Nova» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of 
---

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# Exam question 3 · Ukraine's steppe: marmots, sousliks, great bustards and As…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the present extent of the Ukrainian steppe?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, extend · **To what, where:** present extent, Ukrainian steppe

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 373 «Ukraine's steppe: marmots, sousliks, great bustards and Askania-Nova» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/373-ukraine-s-steppe-marmots-sousliks-great-bustards-and-askania-nova/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:373-ukraine-s-steppe-marmots-sousliks-great-bustards-and-askania-nova:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the present extent of the Ukrainian steppe?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	extent	extent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	steppe	steppe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the present extent of the Ukrainian steppe |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **extend** |  |  | the Ukrainian steppe |  |  |  |  | nom extent «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It continues to cover the greater part of southern Ukraine

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:373-ukraine-s-steppe-marmots-sousliks-great-bustards-and-askania-nova:e3:o1:1
# text = It continues to cover the greater part of southern Ukraine
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	continues	continue	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	cover	cover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **continue** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cover** | to-infinitive |  | the greater part of southern Ukraine |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme part=Destination |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It has been entirely converted into forest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:373-ukraine-s-steppe-marmots-sousliks-great-bustards-and-askania-nova:e3:o2:1
# text = It has been entirely converted into forest
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	converted	convert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **convert** | present · perfect · passive |  | It |  |  |  | into forest *result*; entirely *property* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: subject=Patient into forest=Result |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It has expanded considerably during the past century

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:373-ukraine-s-steppe-marmots-sousliks-great-bustards-and-askania-nova:e3:o3:1
# text = It has expanded considerably during the past century
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	expanded	expand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	considerably	considerably	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expand** | present · perfect · passive |  | It |  |  | century | considerably *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only a minute fraction survives, principally in reserves and upon ancient burial mounds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:373-ukraine-s-steppe-marmots-sousliks-great-bustards-and-askania-nova:e3:o4:1
# text = Only a minute fraction survives, principally in reserves and upon ancient burial mounds
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	fraction	fraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	survives	survive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	reserves	reserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	burial	burial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	mounds	mound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | present | a minute fraction |  |  | reserves and ancient burial mounds |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in reserve=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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