---
title: Why might darker skin have helped tree frogs after the accident? — The Chornobyl zone: how wild animals c… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why might darker skin have helped tree frogs after the accident? Test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 376 «The Chornobyl zone: how wild animals came back, and what is still argued» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's c
---

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# Test 11 · ★★★ · The Chornobyl zone: how wild animals came back, and what i…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why might darker skin have helped tree frogs after the accident?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** help · **To what, where:** darker skin

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 376 «The Chornobyl zone: how wild animals came back, and what is still argued» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/376-the-chornobyl-zone-how-wild-animals-came-back-and-what-is-still-argued/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:376-the-chornobyl-zone-how-wild-animals-came-back-and-what-is-still-argued:t11:1
# text = Why might darker skin have helped tree frogs after the accident?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
2	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	darker	dark	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	helped	help	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | might · perfect · passive |  | darker skin |  |  | after the accident |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark frogs ate the radiation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:376-the-chornobyl-zone-how-wild-animals-came-back-and-what-is-still-argued:t11:o1:1
# text = Dark frogs ate the radiation
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | Dark frogs | the radiation |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent radiation=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark frogs are harder for radiation to find because it cannot see them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:376-the-chornobyl-zone-how-wild-animals-came-back-and-what-is-still-argued:t11:o2:1
# text = Dark frogs are harder for radiation to find because it cannot see them
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	harder	hard	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Dark frogs |  |  |  |  | for radiation; hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | Dark frogs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **see** | can | radiation | frogs *= frog* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark skin keeps frogs cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:376-the-chornobyl-zone-how-wild-animals-came-back-and-what-is-still-argued:t11:o3:1
# text = Dark skin keeps frogs cold
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Dark skin | frogs |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frog=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Melanin may protect from some harm, so dark frogs had more babies

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:376-the-chornobyl-zone-how-wild-animals-came-back-and-what-is-still-argued:t11:o4:1
# text = Melanin may protect from some harm, so dark frogs had more babies
1	Melanin	melanin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | may | Melanin |  |  |  |  | from some harm | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent from harm=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | dark frogs | more babies |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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