---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a sunflower head ought not t… — Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a sunflower head ought not to be regarded as a single flower. Exam question 1 of lesson 377 «Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime trees and steppe grasses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics
---

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# Exam question 1 · Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime tree…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a sunflower head ought not to be regarded as a single flower.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, not regard · **To what, where:** principal reason, sunflower head

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 377 «Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime trees and steppe grasses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a sunflower head ought not to be regarded as a single flower.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	sunflower	sunflower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
10	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	regarded	regard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **regard** | ought · passive | you *not said here* | a sunflower head |  |  |  | for the principal reason; as a single flower | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for which=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a fruit rather than a flower, since it contains a great many seeds

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses:e1:o1:1
# text = It is a fruit rather than a flower, since it contains a great many seeds
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	8	cc	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a fruit rather a flower |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **contain** | present | flower | a great many seeds |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot seed=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is composed of a single enormous petal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses:e1:o2:1
# text = It is composed of a single enormous petal
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	enormous	enormous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	petal	petal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compose** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | of a single enormous petal | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It consists of hundreds or upwards of a thousand minute flowers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses:e1:o3:1
# text = It consists of hundreds or upwards of a thousand minute flowers
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consists	consist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	upwards	upward	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
10	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | It |  |  |  |  | of hundreds of thousand minute flowers or upwards | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a leaf that has turned yellow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses:e1:o4:1
# text = It is a leaf that has turned yellow
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a leaf |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | present · perfect | a leaf |  |  |  |  | yellow *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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