---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Giants people saw: Steller's sea cow,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the vulnerability of island giants to the arrival of human beings? Exam question 4 of lesson 386 «Giants people saw: Steller's sea cow, Haast's eagle, giant lemurs and elephant birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with
---

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# Exam question 4 · Giants people saw: Steller's sea cow, Haast's eagle, giant…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the vulnerability of island giants to the arrival of human beings?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** human beings · **What happens:** follow, characteris, arrive · **To what, where:** vulnerability

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 386 «Giants people saw: Steller's sea cow, Haast's eagle, giant lemurs and elephant birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/386-giants-people-saw-steller-s-sea-cow-haast-s-eagle-giant-lemurs-and-elephant-birds/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:386-giants-people-saw-steller-s-sea-cow-haast-s-eagle-giant-lemurs-and-elephant-birds:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the vulnerability of island giants to the arrival of human beings?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	vulnerability	vulnerability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	giants	giant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	arrival	arrival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the vulnerability of island giants |  |  |  | of the following statements; to the arrival of human beings; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **arrive** |  | human beings |  |  |  |  |  | nom arrival «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They reproduced so rapidly that hunting by people had no effect whatsoever upon their numbers

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:386-giants-people-saw-steller-s-sea-cow-haast-s-eagle-giant-lemurs-and-elephant-birds:e4:o1:1
# text = They reproduced so rapidly that hunting by people had no effect whatsoever upon their numbers
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reproduced	reproduce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reproduce** | past | They |  |  |  |  | rapidly *property* | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hunt** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | by people | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent by people=Location |
| 3 | **have** | past | hunting | no effect |  |  |  | upon people's numbers | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lacking fear of people, they were exposed to hunting, introduced predators and loss of forest

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:386-giants-people-saw-steller-s-sea-cow-haast-s-eagle-giant-lemurs-and-elephant-birds:e4:o2:1
# text = Lacking fear of people, they were exposed to hunting, introduced predators and loss of forest
1	Lacking	lack	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
2	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	exposed	expose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	predators	predator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lack** | gerund |  | fear of people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **expose** | past · passive |  | people | hunting and introduced predators and loss of forest |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to hunting=Recipient |
| 3 | **introduce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **fear** |  |  | people |  |  |  |  | nom fear «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were too fast to be caught

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:386-giants-people-saw-steller-s-sea-cow-haast-s-eagle-giant-lemurs-and-elephant-birds:e4:o3:1
# text = They were too fast to be caught
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | They |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **catch** | to-infinitive · passive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP» |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They had long experience of human hunters

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:386-giants-people-saw-steller-s-sea-cow-haast-s-eagle-giant-lemurs-and-elephant-birds:e4:o4:1
# text = They had long experience of human hunters
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	experience	experience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | They | long experience of human hunters |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent experience=Patient |
| 2 | **experience** |  |  | human hunters |  |  |  |  | nom experience «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Giants people saw: Steller's sea cow, Haast's eagle, giant lemurs and elephant birds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/386-giants-people-saw-steller-s-sea-cow-haast-s-eagle-giant-lemurs-and-elephant-birds/)