--- title: A horse taps the right answer only when its owner, who knows the sum… — How scientists test animal minds: the… · tree and pragmatics description: A horse taps the right answer only when its owner, who knows the sum, stands in front of it. What is the best next step? Test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 389 «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/t2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [How scientists test animal minds: the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/) / t2 # Test 2 · ★★★ · How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle… A horse taps the right answer only when its owner, who knows the sum, stands in front of it. What is the best next step? **Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** horse, owner, best next step · **What happens:** tap, know, stand, be · **To what, where:** right answer, sum, front This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 389 «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/#t2). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* A horse taps the right answer only when its owner, who knows the sum, stands in front of it. ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans:t2:1 # text = A horse taps the right answer only when its owner, who knows the sum, stands in front of it. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 taps tap VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 right right ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 answer answer NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 only only ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 8 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 10 advmod _ _ 9 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 owner owner NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 13 knows know VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 sum sum NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 stands stand VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 front front NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 22 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tap** | present | a horse | the right answer | | | | horse's owner *obl* | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent answer=Location | | 2 | **know** | present | horse's owner | the sum | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer sum=Stimulus | | 3 | **stand** | present | a horse *not said here* | | | front of horse | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in front=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* What is the best next step? ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans:t2:2 # text = What is the best next step? 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 0 root _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 4 best good ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 6 amod _ _ 5 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 step step NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 ? ? PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the best next step | | | | | | tree rules | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} Give the horse a medal at once and put it on television ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans:t2:o1:1 # text = Give the horse a medal at once and put it on television 1 Give give VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 medal medal NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 6 at at ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 1 obl _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 put put VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 1 conj _ _ 10 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ _ 11 on on ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 television television NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | imperative | you *not said here* | a medal | the horse | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent horse=Recipient medal=Theme at once=Asset | | 2 | **put** | infinitive | you *not said here* | medal | | television | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme on television=Destination | ### Option 2 {#o2} Ask the owner to stand closer ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans:t2:o2:1 # text = Ask the owner to stand closer 1 Ask ask VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 owner owner NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 stand stand VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 1 xcomp _ _ 6 closer close ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 5 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* | the owner | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent owner=Recipient clause=Topic | | 2 | **stand** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the owner *not said here* | | | | | close *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3} Make the sums harder ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans:t2:o3:1 # text = Make the sums harder 1 Make make VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 sums sum NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obj _ _ 4 harder hard ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 1 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | the sums | | | | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sum=Product | ### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4} Test it again with a person who does not know the answer ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans:t2:o4:1 # text = Test it again with a person who does not know the answer 1 Test test VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 obj _ _ 3 again again ADV RB _ 1 advmod _ _ 4 with with ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obl _ _ 7 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 8 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 9 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _ 10 know know VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 acl:relcl _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 answer answer NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **test** | imperative | you *not said here* | it | | | again | with a person | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 2 | **not** **know** | present · do-support | a person | the answer | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer answer=Stimulus | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [How scientists test animal minds: the…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/t1/) - next →: [How scientists test animal minds: the…, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/t3/) - ↑ back to [How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/)