---
title: «elephants sleep loads, they're huge» What is right? — How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphin… · tree and pragmatics
description: «elephants sleep loads, they're huge» What is right? Test 8 of lesson 390 «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of e
---

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# Test 8 · How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses,…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«elephants sleep loads, they're huge» What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** elephants · **What happens:** sleep, be · **To what, where:** loads · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 of lesson 390 «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/#t8).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air:t8:1
# text = «elephants sleep loads, they're huge» What is right?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
4	loads	load	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** *in a quote* | present | elephants | loads |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | elephants *= elephant* |  |  |  |  | huge *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They sleep all winter in caves, like bears, because they are so big

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air:t8:o1:1
# text = They sleep all winter in caves, like bears, because they are so big
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | They |  |  | caves | winter | like bears | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in cave=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | bears *= bear* |  |  |  |  | big *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They sleep only in water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air:t8:o2:1
# text = They sleep only in water
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | They |  |  | water |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in water=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They sleep twenty hours

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air:t8:o3:1
# text = They sleep twenty hours
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | They |  |  |  | hour |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wild elephants were reported to sleep only about two hours a night

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air:t8:o4:1
# text = Wild elephants were reported to sleep only about two hours a night
1	Wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	reported	report	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	about	about	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **report** | past · passive |  | Wild elephants |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sleep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | hour |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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