---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a sleeping domestic cat mere… — Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, repl… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a sleeping domestic cat merely twitches during the stage of sleep associated with dreaming. Exam question 2 of lesson 391 «Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colour-changing octopuses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colou…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a sleeping domestic cat merely twitches during the stage of sleep associated with dreaming.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, sleeping domestic cat · **What happens:** identify, sleep, twitch, associate, dream · **To what, where:** principal reason, sleep

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 391 «Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colour-changing octopuses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a sleeping domestic cat merely twitches during the stage of sleep associated with dreaming.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	amod	_	_
9	domestic	domestic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	merely	merely	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	twitches	twitch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	during	during	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	associated	associate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	dreaming	dream	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **sleep** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **twitch** | present | a sleeping domestic cat |  |  |  | during the stage of sleep | for the principal reason; merely *property* | vn body\_internal\_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **associate** | participle |  | sleep *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **dream** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat is in fact fully awake throughout that stage

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:e2:o1:1
# text = The cat is in fact fully awake throughout that stage
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
8	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the cat |  |  | fact |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A region of the brain inhibits the movement of the body during that stage

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:e2:o2:1
# text = A region of the brain inhibits the movement of the body during that stage
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	inhibits	inhibit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	during	during	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
14	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inhibit** | present | a region of the brain | the movement of the body |  |  | during that stage |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer movement=Eventuality |
| 2 | **move** |  |  | the body |  |  |  |  | nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The muscles of the cat are wholly and permanently paralysed throughout all stages of sleep

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:e2:o3:1
# text = The muscles of the cat are wholly and permanently paralysed throughout all stages of sleep
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
7	wholly	wholly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	paralysed	paralyse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	stages	stage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paralyse** | present · passive |  | the muscles of the cat |  |  | throughout all stages of sleep | permanently, wholly *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat possesses no dreaming stage of sleep whatsoever

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:e2:o4:1
# text = The cat possesses no dreaming stage of sleep whatsoever
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	possesses	possess	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
5	dreaming	dream	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | the cat | no dreaming stage of sleep |  |  |  | whatsoever *property* | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot stage=Theme |
| 2 | **dream** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colour-changing octopuses](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses/)