--- title: It is given that a human being passes through sleep cycles each of a… — Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, repl… · tree and pragmatics description: It is given that a human being passes through sleep cycles each of approximately one and a half hours. Ascertain the approximate number of dreaming stages in one night of normal sleep. Exam question 3 of lesson 391 «Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colour-changing octopuses» of t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses/e3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, repl…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses/) / e3 # Exam question 3 · Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colou… It is given that a human being passes through sleep cycles each of approximately one and a half hours. Ascertain the approximate number of dreaming stages in one night of normal sleep. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** give, pass, ascertain, dream · **To what, where:** It, sleep cycles, approximate number This is exam question 3 of lesson 391 «Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colour-changing octopuses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses/#e3). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* It is given that a human being passes through sleep cycles each of approximately one and a half hours. ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:e3:1 # text = It is given that a human being passes through sleep cycles each of approximately one and a half hours. 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 human human ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 xcomp _ _ 7 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 nsubj _ _ 8 passes pass VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 acl:relcl _ _ 9 through through ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 sleep sleep NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 cycles cycle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 12 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 15 det _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 approximately approximately ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 11 appos _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 half half NOUN NN Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac 19 compound _ _ 19 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 20 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | present · passive | | It | | | | human *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **pass** | present | | | | sleep cycles | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through cycle=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* Ascertain the approximate number of dreaming stages in one night of normal sleep. ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:e3:2 # text = Ascertain the approximate number of dreaming stages in one night of normal sleep. 1 Ascertain ascertain VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 approximate approximate ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 number number NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 dreaming dream VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 amod _ _ 7 stages stage NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 normal normal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 sleep sleep NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 14 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the approximate number of dreaming stages in one night of normal sleep | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic | | 2 | **dream** | gerund | | | | | | | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} One ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:e3:o1:1 # text = One 1 One one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 0 root _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 2 {#o2} Fifteen ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:e3:o2:1 # text = Fifteen 1 Fifteen fifteen NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 0 root _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 3 {#o3} None whatsoever ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:e3:o3:1 # text = None whatsoever 1 None none PRON NN PronType=Neg 0 root _ _ 2 whatsoever whatsoever ADV RB _ 1 advmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4} Four or five ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:e3:o4:1 # text = Four or five 1 Four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 0 root _ _ 2 or or CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 1 conj _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, repl…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses/e2/) - next →: [Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, repl…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses/e4/) - ↑ back to [Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colour-changing octopuses](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses/)