---
title: Why would scientists study lizards and the platypus to learn about o… — Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, repl… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why would scientists study lizards and the platypus to learn about our own sleep? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 391 «Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colour-changing octopuses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of 
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colou…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why would scientists study lizards and the platypus to learn about our own sleep?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** scientists, our · **What happens:** study, learn, sleep · **To what, where:** lizards

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 391 «Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colour-changing octopuses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:t11:1
# text = Why would scientists study lizards and the platypus to learn about our own sleep?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	lizards	lizard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	platypus	platypus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	about	about	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | would | scientists | lizards and the platypus |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lizard=Topic |
| 2 | **learn** | to-infinitive | scientists *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about our own sleep | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about sleep=Topic |
| 3 | **sleep** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom sleep «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lizards are much easier to wake up than people

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:t11:o1:1
# text = Lizards are much easier to wake up than people
1	Lizards	lizard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	much	much	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	wake	wake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Lizards |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **wake up** | to-infinitive | Lizards *not said here* |  |  |  |  | than people | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The platypus is the closest living relative of human beings

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:t11:o2:1
# text = The platypus is the closest living relative of human beings
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	platypus	platypus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
6	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	relative	relative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the platypus | the closest living relative |  |  |  | of human beings | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lizards sleep in exactly the same way as human teenagers do

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:t11:o3:1
# text = Lizards sleep in exactly the same way as human teenagers do
1	Lizards	lizard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	teenagers	teenager	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | Lizards |  |  | the same way |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in way=Location |
| 2 | **do** | present | human teenagers |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old kinds of animals may show how sleep stages began long ago

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:t11:o4:1
# text = Old kinds of animals may show how sleep stages began long ago
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	stages	stage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
11	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
12	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | may | Old kinds of animals |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **begin** | past | sleep stages |  |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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