---
title: Mia reckons that sleep is just wasted time for the brain. Which find… — Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, repl… · tree and pragmatics
description: Mia reckons that sleep is just wasted time for the brain. Which finding shows she is wrong? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 391 «Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colour-changing octopuses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the questio
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colou…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mia reckons that sleep is just wasted time for the brain. Which finding shows she is wrong?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Mia, finding · **What happens:** reckon, waste, show, be · **To what, where:** sleep · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 391 «Do animals dream? Twitching dogs, replaying rats and colour-changing octopuses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Mia reckons that sleep is just wasted time for the brain.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:t4:1
# text = Mia reckons that sleep is just wasted time for the brain.
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reckons	reckon	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	wasted	waste	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reckon** | present | Mia |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **waste** | present · passive |  | that sleep |  |  | time |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Which finding shows she is wrong?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:t4:2
# text = Which finding shows she is wrong?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	finding	finding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | which finding |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | finding |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rats can learn their way round mazes only in the dark

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:t4:o1:1
# text = Rats can learn their way round mazes only in the dark
1	Rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	round	round	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	mazes	maze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | can | Rats |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **maze** | present | Rats's way |  |  | the dark |  | round *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sleeping rats replayed the maze they had learned that day

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:t4:o2:1
# text = Sleeping rats replayed the maze they had learned that day
1	Sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	amod	_	_
2	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	replayed	replay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	maze	maze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **replay** | past | Sleeping rats | the maze |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent maze=Theme |
| 3 | **learn** | past · perfect | rats *= rat* | the maze *not said here* |  |  | day |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent maze=Topic |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rats forget everything they learned as soon as they sleep

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:t4:o3:1
# text = Rats forget everything they learned as soon as they sleep
1	Rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	forget	forget	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	obj	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	as	as	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forget** | present | Rats | everything |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | past | Rats *= rat* |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sleep** | present | Rats *= rat* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rats only ever go to sleep when they are bored

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:391-do-animals-dream-twitching-dogs-replaying-rats-and-colour-changing-octopuses:t4:o4:1
# text = Rats only ever go to sleep when they are bored
1	Rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	bored	bored	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | infinitive | Rats |  |  |  | ever |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | Rats *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | Rats *= rat* |  |  |  |  | bored *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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