---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Poo, wee and smells: rabbits that eat… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the navigation of certain dung beetles at night? Exam question 2 of lesson 398 «Poo, wee and smells: rabbits that eat their droppings, dung beetles and the smelliest animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the depe
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/398-poo-wee-and-smells-rabbits-that-eat-their-droppings-dung-beetles-and-the-smelliest-animals/e2/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Poo, wee and smells: rabbits that eat…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/398-poo-wee-and-smells-rabbits-that-eat-their-droppings-dung-beetles-and-the-smelliest-animals/) / e2

# Exam question 2 · Poo, wee and smells: rabbits that eat their droppings, dun…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the navigation of certain dung beetles at night?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, navigate · **To what, where:** navigation, certain dung beetles

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 398 «Poo, wee and smells: rabbits that eat their droppings, dung beetles and the smelliest animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/398-poo-wee-and-smells-rabbits-that-eat-their-droppings-dung-beetles-and-the-smelliest-animals/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:398-poo-wee-and-smells-rabbits-that-eat-their-droppings-dung-beetles-and-the-smelliest-animals:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the navigation of certain dung beetles at night?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	navigation	navigation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	dung	dung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	beetles	beetle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the navigation of certain dung beetles at night |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **navigate** |  |  | certain dung beetles at night |  |  |  |  | nom navigation «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They maintain a straight course by reference to the Milky Way and the Moon

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:398-poo-wee-and-smells-rabbits-that-eat-their-droppings-dung-beetles-and-the-smelliest-animals:e2:o1:1
# text = They maintain a straight course by reference to the Milky Way and the Moon
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	maintain	maintain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Milky	milky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Way	Way	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **maintain** | present | They | a straight course |  |  |  | by reference; to the Milky Way and the Moon | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent course=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They navigate by the sound of flowing water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:398-poo-wee-and-smells-rabbits-that-eat-their-droppings-dung-beetles-and-the-smelliest-animals:e2:o2:1
# text = They navigate by the sound of flowing water
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	navigate	navigate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **navigate** | present | They |  |  |  |  | by the sound of flowing water | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **flow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are incapable of maintaining a straight course

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:398-poo-wee-and-smells-rabbits-that-eat-their-droppings-dung-beetles-and-the-smelliest-animals:e2:o3:1
# text = They are incapable of maintaining a straight course
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	maintaining	maintain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | incapable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **maintain** | gerund | They *not said here* | a straight course |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent course=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They navigate exclusively by the scent of flowers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:398-poo-wee-and-smells-rabbits-that-eat-their-droppings-dung-beetles-and-the-smelliest-animals:e2:o4:1
# text = They navigate exclusively by the scent of flowers
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	navigate	navigate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	scent	scent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **navigate** | present | They |  |  |  |  | by the scent of flowers; exclusively *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **scent** |  |  | flowers |  |  |  |  | nom scent «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Poo, wee and smells: rabbits that eat…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/398-poo-wee-and-smells-rabbits-that-eat-their-droppings-dung-beetles-and-the-smelliest-animals/e1/)
- next →: [Poo, wee and smells: rabbits that eat…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/398-poo-wee-and-smells-rabbits-that-eat-their-droppings-dung-beetles-and-the-smelliest-animals/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Poo, wee and smells: rabbits that eat their droppings, dung beetles and the smelliest animals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/398-poo-wee-and-smells-rabbits-that-eat-their-droppings-dung-beetles-and-the-smelliest-animals/)