---
title: Identify the principal reason for the annual migration of wildebeest… — The savanna: grass, trees and the grea… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for the annual migration of wildebeest across the Serengeti and the Masai Mara. Exam question 2 of lesson 4 «The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of eac
---

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# Exam question 2 · The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for the annual migration of wildebeest across the Serengeti and the Masai Mara.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, wildebeest · **What happens:** identify, migrate · **To what, where:** principal reason, Serengeti

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 4 «The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/4-the-savanna/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:4-the-savanna:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for the annual migration of wildebeest across the Serengeti and the Masai Mara.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	annual	annual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	migration	migration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	wildebeest	wildebeest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	across	across	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Serengeti	Serengeti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Masai	Masai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Mara	Mara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  | for the annual migration of wildebeest across the Serengeti and the Masai Mara | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **migrate** |  | wildebeest |  |  | the Serengeti and the Masai Mara |  |  | nom migration «act intransitive»: of=agent across=place |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The herds seek salt from the sea, which they lack upon the plains of the interior

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:4-the-savanna:e2:o1:1
# text = The herds seek salt from the sea, which they lack upon the plains of the interior
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	seek	seek	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	lack	lack	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	interior	interior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seek** | present | the herds | salt |  | the sea |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Theme |
| 2 | **lack** | present | herds *= herd* |  |  |  |  | upon the plains of the interior | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The herds flee permanently from the crocodiles of the rivers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:4-the-savanna:e2:o2:1
# text = The herds flee permanently from the crocodiles of the rivers
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flee	flee	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flee** | present | the herds |  |  |  |  | from the crocodiles of the rivers; permanently *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from crocodile=Initial\_Location |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The herds pursue the rainfall and the fresh grass which it engenders

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:4-the-savanna:e2:o3:1
# text = The herds pursue the rainfall and the fresh grass which it engenders
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pursue	pursue	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	engenders	engender	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pursue** | present | the herds | the rainfall and the fresh grass |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rainfall=Theme |
| 2 | **engender** | present | the fresh grass |  |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The herds are driven by herdsmen to market

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:4-the-savanna:e2:o4:1
# text = The herds are driven by herdsmen to market
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	herdsmen	herdsman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | present · passive | herdsmen | the herds |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme subject=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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