---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The real animals of the river bank: th… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the otter and the mayfly? Exam question 4 of lesson 403 «The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mole, the otter, the toad and the river birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, wit
---

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# Exam question 4 · The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mo…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the otter and the mayfly?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** relationship

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 403 «The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mole, the otter, the toad and the river birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the otter and the mayfly?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	otter	otter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	mayfly	mayfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the relationship and the mayfly |  |  |  | of the following statements; between the otter; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mayfly feeds upon young otters

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds:e4:o1:1
# text = The mayfly feeds upon young otters
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mayfly	mayfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	feeds	feed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	otters	otter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feed** | present | the mayfly |  |  |  |  | upon young otters | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mayfly and the otter share a burrow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds:e4:o2:1
# text = The mayfly and the otter share a burrow
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mayfly	mayfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	otter	otter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	share	share	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	burrow	burrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | present | the mayfly and the otter | a burrow |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The otter consumes the mayfly as its principal food

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds:e4:o3:1
# text = The otter consumes the mayfly as its principal food
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	otter	otter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	consumes	consume	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mayfly	mayfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consume** | present | the otter | the mayfly |  |  |  | as otter's principal food | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mayfly=Asset |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The otter feeds chiefly upon fish; it is trout that rise to take the mayfly

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds:e4:o4:1
# text = The otter feeds chiefly upon fish; it is trout that rise to take the mayfly
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	otter	otter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	feeds	feed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	trout	trout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	rise	rise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	mayfly	mayfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feed** | present | the otter |  |  |  |  | upon fish; chiefly *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | otter | trout |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **rise** | present | trout |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **take** | to-infinitive | trout *not said here* | the mayfly |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mayfly=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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