---
title: ★★ Dingoes came to Australia some thousands of years ago, but kangar… — The real animals of the Just So Storie… · tree and pragmatics
description: ★★ Dingoes came to Australia some thousands of years ago, but kangaroos were hopping millions of years before. What does this prove? Test 7 · ★★ of lesson 404 «The real animals of the Just So Stories: the whale, camel, rhino, leopard, elephant, kangaroo, armadillo and crab» of the biology course of 
---

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# Test 7 · ★★ · The real animals of the Just So Stories: the whale, camel,…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
★★ Dingoes came to Australia some thousands of years ago, but kangaroos were hopping millions of years before. What does this prove?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** ★ ★ Dingoes, kangaroos · **What happens:** come, hop, prove · **To what, where:** Australia, millions

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 404 «The real animals of the Just So Stories: the whale, camel, rhino, leopard, elephant, kangaroo, armadillo and crab» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* ★★ Dingoes came to Australia some thousands of years ago, but kangaroos were hopping millions of years before.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab:t7:1
# text = ★★ Dingoes came to Australia some thousands of years ago, but kangaroos were hopping millions of years before.
1	★	★	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	★	★	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Dingoes	dingo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	hopping	hop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
17	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
20	before	before	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | ★ ★ Dingoes |  |  | Australia |  | ago *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to australia=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **hop** | past · progressive | kangaroos | millions of years |  |  |  | before *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme million=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does this prove?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab:t7:2
# text = What does this prove?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | present · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Dingo cannot have given the Kangaroo its long legs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab:t7:o1:1
# text = The Dingo cannot have given the Kangaroo its long legs
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Dingo	Dingo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux	_	_
6	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Kangaroo	Kangaroo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	iobj	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **give** | can · perfect | the Dingo | Dingo's long legs | the Kangaroo |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent kangaroo=Recipient leg=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kangaroos once had short legs a few thousand years ago

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab:t7:o2:1
# text = Kangaroos once had short legs a few thousand years ago
1	Kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	advmod	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Kangaroos | short legs |  |  | year | once *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dingoes must be older than kangaroos

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab:t7:o3:1
# text = Dingoes must be older than kangaroos
1	Dingoes	dingo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | must | Dingoes |  |  |  |  | than kangaroos; old *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kangaroos were taught to hop by people

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab:t7:o4:1
# text = Kangaroos were taught to hop by people
1	Kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hop	hop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past · passive |  | Kangaroos |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hop** | to-infinitive | Kangaroos *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by people | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by people=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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