---
title: State the number of hearts possessed by an octopus and identify the… — Counting animals: eyes, ears, hearts,… · tree and pragmatics
description: State the number of hearts possessed by an octopus and identify the function of the smaller ones. Exam question 1 of lesson 41 «Counting animals: eyes, ears, hearts, trunks, tentacles, teeth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Counting animals: eyes, ears, hearts, trunks, tentacles, t…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
State the number of hearts possessed by an octopus and identify the function of the smaller ones.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** state, possess, identify · **To what, where:** number, hearts, function

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 41 «Counting animals: eyes, ears, hearts, trunks, tentacles, teeth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/41-counting-animals/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:41-counting-animals:e1:1
# text = State the number of hearts possessed by an octopus and identify the function of the smaller ones.
1	State	state	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	possessed	possess	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	octopus	octopus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	function	function	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	_
17	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | the number of hearts |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent number=Topic |
| 2 | **possess** | participle |  | hearts *not said here* |  |  |  | by a octopus | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **identify** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the function of the smaller ones |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Three hearts, of which the two smaller propel the blood through the gills

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:41-counting-animals:e1:o1:1
# text = Three hearts, of which the two smaller propel the blood through the gills
1	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	_
8	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	punct	_	_
9	propel	propel	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	through	through	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **propel** | infinitive | Three hearts | the blood |  | the gills |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One heart only, which serves the whole of the body and all eight arms

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:41-counting-animals:e1:o2:1
# text = One heart only, which serves the whole of the body and all eight arms
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	serves	serve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
14	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | present |  | One heart |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whole=Attribute |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eight hearts, of which each one serves a single arm of the animal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:41-counting-animals:e1:o3:1
# text = Eight hearts, of which each one serves a single arm of the animal
1	Eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	serves	serve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | present | Eight hearts | a single arm of the animal |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Attribute |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two hearts, of which each one supplies blood to one of the two eyes

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:41-counting-animals:e1:o4:1
# text = Two hearts, of which each one supplies blood to one of the two eyes
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	supplies	supply	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supply** | present | Two hearts | blood | one of the two eyes |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent blood=Theme to one=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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